What Kind of Stent Is Used in ERCP?

In Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), a procedure used to examine and treat conditions of the bile ducts, pancreatic duct, and gallbladder, a specific type of stent known as a biliary stent is commonly used. Biliary stents are designed to address obstructions or strictures in the bile ducts and help restore the normal flow of bile.

Biliary stents used in ERCP are typically made of materials like plastic or metal. There are two main types of biliary stents used in ERCP:

1. Plastic Stents: These stents are usually made of polyethylene or similar materials. Plastic stents are often used for short-term relief of obstructions and can be easily placed during an ERCP procedure. They are effective in providing temporary relief but may need to be replaced periodically, as they are more prone to becoming blocked over time.

2. Metal Stents (Self-Expanding Metal Stents - SEMS): These stents are typically made of alloys like nitinol and are self-expanding. Metal stents are often used for longer-term relief and are less likely to become blocked compared to plastic stents. They are particularly useful in cases of malignant strictures caused by conditions like pancreatic or biliary cancers.

The choice between plastic and metal stents depends on various factors, including the underlying condition, the expected duration of stent placement, and the patient's overall health. In some cases, a plastic stent may be initially placed for temporary relief, and later it may be replaced with a metal stent for longer-term management.

The deployment of biliary stents during ERCP is guided by endoscopic and fluoroscopic imaging, and the choice of stent type and size is determined based on the specific characteristics of the patient's condition. It's important for healthcare providers to carefully evaluate the patient's individual circumstances to determine the most appropriate stent and treatment plan.