What materials are used in ERCP intestinal stents?

ERCP intestinal stents—used to relieve obstructions in the biliary, pancreatic, or duodenal regions—are made from biocompatible materials that ensure safe deployment, durability, and minimal reactivity. Here's a breakdown of the common materials:

1. Plastic Stents

• Materials:

• Polyethylene (PE)

• Polyurethane (PU)

• Teflon (PTFE – polytetrafluoroethylene)

• Features:

• Flexible, low-cost, radiopaque

• Often used for temporary drainage

• Prone to clogging over time (3–4 months)

2. Metal Stents (SEMS – Self-Expanding Metal Stents)

• Materials:

• Nitinol (nickel-titanium alloy) – most common due to its shape-memory and flexibility

• Stainless steel – used in some older models

• Features:

• Self-expanding for better conformity to the duct wall

• Used primarily in malignant obstructions

• Longer patency (6–12 months or more)

Types of SEMS:

• Uncovered SEMS: Bare metal allows tissue ingrowth—good anchoring but harder to remove.

• Covered SEMS: Lined with a material like PTFE or silicone to prevent tissue ingrowth and allow removal—but more prone to migration.

3. Biodegradable Stents (Emerging)

• Materials:

• Polylactic acid (PLA)

• Polyglycolic acid (PGA)

• Features:

• Slowly degrade over weeks to months

• Still under study for use in benign strictures and pediatric cases

Summary Table

Would you like help choosing the right stent type based on a clinical scenario or patient condition?