What are the side effects of tracheal stent?

Some potential side effects and complications of tracheal stents include:

- Granulation tissue - This is extra scar tissue that can grow around or through the stent, narrowing the airway.  May require removal. 

- Mucus plugging - Excess mucus can build up and clog the stent, blocking airflow.  Patients may need to have regular suctioning and airway clearance. 

- Infection - Bacteria may infect the stent area leading to problems like pneumonia.  Antibiotics may be required. 

- Migration - The stent can shift from its original placement and move in the airway.  This can obstruct breathing.  Additional intervention may be needed to reposition or replace it. - Fracture - Breakage of the stent struts is possible.  This may require removal and replacement. 

- Erosion - The constant motion of breathing and pulsing of the airway can cause the stent to wear through the trachea wall.  This can create a hole leading to serious complications. 

- Granuloma - Noncancerous tissue growths around the stent that can be inflammatory.  This may require steroid treatments. 

- Coughing - The stent may irritate the airway and provoke coughing.  This can sometimes be managed with medications. 

- Pain - Some stents can cause a sensation of pain, discomfort, or tightness.  Adjustments to the stent or pain management may help. 

- Swallowing difficulties - The stent may make swallowing difficult for some people. 

Monitoring by a doctor is important to watch for complications requiring intervention.  Proper stent cleaning and maintenance can help prevent some issues.