Views: 5 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2023-08-07 Origin: Site
The main types of esophageal stents include:
- Self-expanding metal stents (SEMS): These are made from woven metal (e.g. nitinol, legally) and exert radial force to expand and widen the esophagus. They can be uncovered, partially covered, or fully covered.
- Self-expanding plastic stents (SEPS): These stents are made from polyester or silicone and also exert radial force. They are fully covered to prevent tissue ingrowth.
- Biodegradable stents: These temporary stents are made of materials like polydioxanone that dissolve over time (usually several months).
- Braided stents: These have a braided wire configuration that provides high radial force but is less flexible. Often used for refractory strictures.
- Flanged stents: These have flared ends to prevent migration and keep the stent in place. Helpful for treating fistulas or perforations.
- Anti-reflux stents: These have a valve-like mechanism to prevent the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus.
- Covered vs. uncovered: Metal stents can also be categorized as covered (with silicone/PTFE coating) or uncovered.
The choice of stent depends on the clinical situation and goals of treatment. Uncovered and partially covered SEMS are used most often for malignant strictures while fully covered SEMS are preferred for benign strictures.
