What are the complications of intestinal stents?

Here are some potential complications of intestinal stents:

- Migration - The stent can move or shift from its original placed position, potentially obstructing the bowel. This may require surgery to reposition or remove the stent.

- Obstruction - Food or fecal material can get stuck inside the stent, blocking the intestine. This may require endoscopic or surgical intervention to clear the obstruction.

- Perforation - The stent can puncture through the wall of the intestine, creating a hole that could lead to infection or peritonitis. This is a serious complication that requires emergency surgery.

- Bleeding - The stent may rub against or irritate the intestinal lining, causing bleeding, especially if the patient is taking blood-thinning medications.

- Pain - Some patients experience abdominal discomfort or pain from the stent. This may be temporary or require removal of the stent.

- Infection - Bacteria can accumulate on the stent, leading to infection. This may cause fever, abdominal pain, or sepsis. Antibiotics or stent removal may be necessary. 

- Stent fracture or breakage - With long-term use, stents can fracture or break apart, obstructing the intestine. Additional surgery is required to retrieve or replace the broken pieces.

- Recurrent obstruction - Scar tissue can grow around or through the stent, eventually blocking the intestine again. This requires repeat procedures to replace the stent.

Regular monitoring and follow-up are important to check for and manage these potential complications after intestinal stent placement.