Can a trachea be stented?

Yes, it is possible to stent the trachea.  Tracheal stenting is typically done for these main reasons:

- Tracheal stenosis - This narrowing of the trachea is often a complication of tracheal injury or long-term intubation.  Stents help keep the trachea open. 

- Tracheomalacia - This is weakness/collapse of the tracheal walls.  Stents provide structural support. 

- Tumor invasion - Stents can open the airway compressed by tumors inside or outside the trachea. 

- Tracheoesophageal fistula - Stents cover these abnormal openings between the trachea and esophagus. 

The types of tracheal stents used include:

- Self-expanding metallic stents (SEMS) - These are made of nitinol or stainless steel and exert radial force to keep the trachea open.  They have a tubular, mesh-like design. 

- Silicone stents - These are rigid and also help stent open the trachea.  They have a disadvantage of mucus plugging. 

- Hybrid stents - These combine metal and silicone components. 

Tracheal stenting is performed by an interventional pulmonologist or thoracic surgeon.  It is done under general anesthesia and is considered minimally invasive.  The stent is placed through a bronchoscope that is inserted through the mouth or nose into the trachea.  Stents can significantly improve breathing and quality of life.